Cross-national differences in stakeholder management: Applying institutional theory and comparative capitalism framework

Drawing upon the research in institutional theory and comparative capitalism, the present study investigates how cross-national differences in the political, business, and economic institutional contexts of the United States, Italy, and Japan are associated with the ways in which companies in each of these countries prioritize and engage in their stakeholder engagement activities (SEAs). Using Porter and Kramer's framework, which classifies corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities as falling into four categories (good citizenship, mitigating harm from value chain, transforming value chain activities, and strategic philanthropy), we investigate how companies in the United States, Japan, and Italy prioritize and engage in these four SEAs. An analysis of data collected from 340 companies across these countries reveals that while companies in each of these three countries undertake the four types of SEAs, the prioritization and prevalence of the four types of SEAs vary from one country to the other, in ways that align with the prevailing institutional contexts of each country. The results contribute to a more nuanced understanding of why and how companies' approaches to CSR differ across countries. From a practitioner's perspective, the findings highlight the cultural specificity of CSR, implying that despite the global nature of CSR, the implementation of CSR needs to be tailored to a country's context.     

企业物流系统的经济评价方法探析

文章通过对物流成本概念及其特性和物流成本系统化控制的分析,运用物流活动的经济评价的方法对物流系统的成本进行动态的经济评价,为企业提供物流成本控制与管理依据,以便企业能够及时准确的进行调整更有效更迅速的优化系统,使企业的物流成本大大降低,从而增强企业的竞争力。     

从地下钱庄与洗钱的关系探讨遏制洗钱工作的对策

一些未经国家审批却履行金融机构职能的地下钱庄趁着金融开放程度的不足,从事为来历不明的资金进行洗钱等非法金融活动,对国家金融秩序带来冲击并给反洗钱工作带来难度.打击地下钱庄遏制洗钱应建立健全相关法律,加大对金融机构监管的力度;设立反洗钱的专门机构并对工作人员进行培训,实行专项打击并适时加强与国际反洗钱机构合作;拓宽个人的外汇买卖或兑换渠道并可尝试将部分地下钱庄变为合法的地方金融机构等.     

裂变营销属性：电商平台的创新、违法与传销犯罪

在“流量经济”与“用户思维”加持下,传销形态已发生异变。对于裂变营销属性的认定,应当通过非法传销的实质解读,提炼出传销的元模型,将具有非法传销外观的营销创新予以剥离,形成“拉人头+团队计酬”以及“收取入门费+团队计酬”的二元类型。同时,借助缓和的违法一元论,透视裂变营销中传销违法向传销犯罪的转化逻辑,明确二者之间“质”与“量”的区别。当本罪与诈骗犯罪或集资犯罪发生竞合时,应当充分发挥想象竞合的“明示机能”实现全面评价,并择重处罚。     

Non-commitment in performance evaluation and the problem of information distortions

Auditing is modeled in a sequential game without commitment. The manager must decide whether and where to audit a worker's output, taking into account all interim information he has obtained. The worker will work just hard enough (and show it) to divert the manager from making an audit or cover up, withholding information about his work to make an audit more difficult. This usually raises the costs of setting work incentives, so incentives are softened, sometimes drastically. Moreover, when a worker's on-the-job information is valuable for entrepreneurial decisions, work incentives must be softened to improve the internal flow of information.     

Can the Risks of the Kyoto Mechanisms be Reduced Through Portfolio Diversification? Evidence from the Swedish AIJ Program

Through Joint Implementationand the Clean Development Mechanism, reductionsof greenhouse gas emissions achieved abroad canbe credited to domestic firms. However, thetechnical, economic and political risksinvolved may prevent the private sector frominvesting in such projects. This paperdescribes three types of risks which emissionreduction projects are exposed to. Eleven pilotprojects carried out under the ActivitiesImplemented Jointly (AIJ) program and financedby Sweden are evaluated. Actual project costsare found to exceed projected costs in allcases. Annual emission reductions also deviatefrom their expected values and vary stronglyover time, supporting the hypothesis that suchprojects are risky business. The riskmanagement tool portfolio diversification isapplied to a sample of Swedish AIJ projects.The results indicate that diversification canreduce the risks of greenhouse gas mitigationprojects significantly. Thus, carbon funds area promising way of lowering the risks of theKyoto Mechanisms for private sector investors.     

会计人员心理与会计违规行为——一个基于治理会计违规行为的分析视角

本文运用管理心理学理论,对会计人员心理与会计违规行为之间的深层内涵进行了分析,揭示了会计违规行为是外部环境和会计人员主观心理相互作用的结果。并指出治理会计违规行为的方法是减轻外部环境给会计人员造成的心理压力及对其各种需要的威胁,同时,还要重视会计人员正确价值观的塑造和健康心理的培育。     

An empirical investigation of the roles of prior knowledge and learning activities in technology transfer

This study analyzes 120 university–industry technology transfer projects. A significant positive relationship was found between the learning activities performed by the firm during the development and implementation stages of the technology transfer project and the benefits to that firm from the project. In contrast, prior knowledge of the firm about the existing technology was found to have only a marginal contribution to the project benefits. However, further exploratory analysis based on high and low levels of technical and organizational uncertainty revealed more provocative relationships.     

Property rights protection and access to bank loans

Poor protection of private property has limited the access to bank loans by private enterprises in developing and transition economies. Under those circumstances, private entrepreneurs have resorted to various ways of enhancing the de facto protection of private property. Using a dataset of 3,073 private enterprises in China, this paper empirically investigates the impact of political participation and philanthropic activities – informal substitutes for the lack of formal protection of private property – on the access to bank loans.